Public Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public Law - Essay Example This Act covers Great Britain matters on equality powers and has continued to fight for legislation anti-discrimination instead of a single act. This is because of power-sharing disagreements in the government. The equality law has failed since it has only produced a collision between competing equality strands. However, there must be better ways of resolving conflicts between faith-based and sexuality- based equality rights. In this regard, this essay will expound on equality law failure having produced collision between competing equality strands and better ways of resolving conflicts between-faith based and sexuality-based equality rights, in reference to the British case-law and wider international academic debate. British case law and wider international debate The British case law adopts an integrated and unitary perspective of equality law which in enforced by the commission. It also clarifies various definitions of victimization, discrimination and harassment which it applies as well as expands positive duties on public authority in terms of authority. Therefore, equality law having in reference to the new single equality Act in Britain. It will also base on the struggles outcome between competing ideologies and different interest groups. The first generation of British was under formal equality, where it demanded â€Å"that likes must be treated alike†. ... Additionally, the increase of equality and diversity is significant in the sense that it raises questions of conflicts with human rights commission. In this subtopic, the essay will set out general principles, as well as an approach to policy and equality law conflicts. Evidence to be used will be Equality Act 2006 and recent Equality Act 2010 which has established a less or more cross-ground legislative comprehensive framework which forbids discrimination on basis of protected characteristics. This will also include some of the grounds that are covered under the European Law. Power sharing disagreements Power sharing disagreements have evolved quickly within a short episode of time. This subtopic will argue on the ground that power should be shared on both sexes. This issue has imposed a huge debate on courts in regard to British case law and wider international debate which does not contain any direct protection against power sharing agreements. However, it aims at achieving modern ization, harmonization and simplification on equality law. This is in relation to several principles that declare the right to equality in all sexes and equal protection in terms of discrimination regardless of sex. The state gives a full effect on the right to equality in all its activities. Additionally, there must be no hierarchy of equality. The law does not expect women and disabled people to be treated the same way as men. Evidence will be from Discrimination Act of 2008 , British Act. Discrimination challenges Every individual has a right to treated equally and fairly. This sub-topic will explain some of the challenges that indiscrimination offers in reference to the right of individuals to fight for compensation in case of unlawful discrimination in tribunal and industrial

Evaluate the evidence that regulatory T cells maybe be successfully Research Paper

Evaluate the evidence that regulatory T cells maybe be successfully used to prevent graft versus host disease - Research Paper Example A main immunological technique that is used to measure regulatory T cell frequency is flow cytometry; other methods used are immunohistochemistry staining involving studying skin biopsies and ELISAs. All evidence proved strong in correlation with the hypothesis and suggests that CD4 CD25 FOXP3 Tregs could provide a future for the treatment of GvHD. Transplantation is the process of obtaining tissues or organs or cells and placing them in the same or different individual. The organs, tissues and cells that are transferred from one individual to another are called grafts. The person who donates the graft is called donor and the one who recieves the graft is called recipient. Heart, kidney, cornea, liver, pancreas, lungs and bone marrow are transplanted from one person to another. There are two types of transplantation: autograft (transplant from one region to another of the same indivudual and Syngraft or Isograft (Transfer of graft between individuals of same species). ( Khan, 2009). Graft versus host disease is the series of events that occurs after the transplantation of the donor T –cells with the stem cell graft. This is a donor T-cell mediated syndrome where the T cells in the graft shows their immune response. This response creates tissue damage. ( Beres and Drobyski, 2013). This is the major difficulty after the stem cell transplantation. The T-cells can recognise the minor and major histocompatibility antigens that are expressed at the host antigen presenting cells. The T-cells gets activated and expands and finally infiltrates and destroys the Graft versus host disease target tissues. The major tissues targeted are liver, gut and skin. This graft versus host hematopoiesis effect is the target for the allogenic stem cell transplantation. (Edinger, 2009). The rejection of the host may occur in first 100 days, where the donor immune cells recognize and attack the host tissues. As

Jhumpa Lahiri’s Interpreter of Maladies Essay Example for Free

Jhumpa Lahiri’s Interpreter of Maladies Essay The Third and Final Continent is the last short story in Jhumpa Lahiri’s Interpreter of Maladies; and is probably the most memorable one. A newly married young man makes his way from India to England and then to the US where he is making arrangements to call his wife from back home. Lahiri’s tone from the very beginning sounds distant, but equally engaging, her style is painfully simple; and the structure of the story is as clear as the title. Lahiri gives an account of one man’s journey through three different continents. The story becomes captivating from the very first paragraph. She describes the narrator’s experiences in England where he lives with other â€Å"penniless Bengali bachelors all struggling to educate and establish themselves abroad [1].†   But our protagonist is offered a job at M.I.T and decides to settle down in the U.S. Here is when the story truly picks up momentum. Even with her simple style, Lahiri has also employed a strong underlying sense of humor. On his way to America, the narrator discovers that â€Å"President Nixon had declared a national holiday: two American men had landed on the moon [1].† The line is almost comical; the narrator is most uninterested in one of the greatest achievements in American history. Lahiri succeeds in describing America through the eyes of a foreigner to a new land. The narrator’s experience in America is a totally alien. Lahiri describes the new life and world around him in great detail, giving long descriptions of the food, clothes and the general attitude of people. And then the story moves on to Mrs. Croft. The relationship that follows is humorous yet endearing and heart-warming. In fact, here is where Lahiri’s genius lies. Mrs. Croft and the narrator come from two different diverse cultures and lives, yet no culture, race or color seem to come in between their friendship. Lahiri also brings forward the custom of arranged marriages, largely prevalent in India. â€Å"I regarded the proposition with neither objection nor enthusiasm. It was a duty expected of me, as it was expected of every man [1].† Even though he does not know his wife when the two get married, they begin to understand each other slowly. In fact, their first moment of understanding is in Mrs. Croft’s parlor, where the old woman calls Mala â€Å"A perfect lady [1].† â€Å"I like to think of that moment in Mrs. Crofts parlor as the moment when the distance between Mala and me began to lessen [1].† The style and structure of Lahiri’s story are effortless and straight-forward. The words used too are simple. But it is exactly this simplicity which makes the story so close to life. The narrator’s tone is so disengaged from the story that it seems like a bland narration. Yet the events in that narration are so moving and heartening that it makes the reader feel like a part of the story. The forms a deep bond with his wife, initially, a complete stranger; and through the two the reader can see and experience the pain of losing one’s cultural identity and heritage. Their son is completely Americanized and has no interest in his Bengali roots. They wish that would â€Å"eat rice with us with his hands, and speak in Bengali, things we sometimes worry he will no longer do after we die [1].† Lahiri ends the story beautifully, describing the narrator’s journey through life in a few simple lines â€Å"Still, there are times I am bewildered by each mile I have travelled, each meal I have eaten, each person I have known, each room in which I have slept. As ordinary as it all appears, there are times when it is beyond my imagination [1].† Works Cited: Lahiri, Jhumpa, The third and final continent, retrieved from http://www.dequinix.com/a/continent.php

Schizophrenia Essay -- essays research papers

I have always been interested in my pattern of thinking. Often I have always thought that people don’t use their imagination as much as I do. I have always been into the darker side of life, watching horror movies and listening to heavy metal etc. Obviously this is all fantasy though; demons aren’t really going to rip me to pieces like in the movies. Some people can’t differentiate reality from fantasy though. I know in my head that I am able to think like most psychopaths but I am able to tell the difference between right and wrong. What I mean by that is I understand where they’re coming from and how they see the world because at times I feel that way. I want to why I am able to control my thoughts (as sick as they may be) and actions as to where they can’t Fear plays a major role in the actions of most people. People who have psychotic episodes tend to be less fearful of the world around them. For example whereas most people would scream at a horror movie they wouldn’t even flinch. That’s how I seem to be (although I’m used to horror movies since it’s the more creative genre of films). Does fear actually help someone to maintain his or her sanity? If they had no fear would that mean that they would be able to do anything no matter how crazy it sounds? Better yet, does everyone who lacks fear turn out to be psychopath? I lack most of the fears that other people have but I’m not clinically insane. These are the questions I will try to answer in determining what causes someone to become completely detached from the world around them. A lack of fear isn’t enough to determine if someone is a potential psychopath. Freud believes that our fears are stored in our unconscious mind. We never actually know what our fears are and yet they’re there. He believed that â€Å"each of us has a censor operating somewhere within or nervous systems, whose chief task is to prevent sexual or other types of threatening impulses or memories from breaking through to consciousness to embarrass us† (Human Behavior 291). I think that theory is complete nonsense since I am aware at all times what is going on in my head. To simply put it, if you know you’re afraid of something then it’s not unconscious. A theory with more credibility comes from Pavlov. His theory is based on conditioning. Conditioning is when the fear is learned over time through certain key events. Pavlov describes this ... ...reactions and I enjoy acting weird.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I believe that the reason why I am not a schizophrenic is because I am able to control my fears and anxiety. The key word here is control. Without it you’re nothing but a machine made up of flesh and bone. Schizophrenics don’t have control over their thoughts or actions and that is why they seem out of touch with reality. Most of this control has to do with fear and anxiety. For example: any normal person would be scared if the F.B.I. was after them but people with a disorder seem devoid of any emotion. They do however acknowledge the content of the event but still seem oblivious to the world around them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Instead of using medication or seeing a psychotherapist, the best way to treat this disorder might be to detect it from an early age. Naturally we will still have to administer medication and send them to a professional. Too often though people without schizophrenia are being diagnosed with having it and vise versa. Along with the drugs I think we should treat them the same as we would someone with high anxiety or any type of phobia. That is if doctors are willing to take the time to.

Romanticism in El Matadero

Esteban Echeverria, who spent five years in Paris before returning to Buenos Aires in 1830 when he became a political agitator against the tyrant Juan Manuel de Rosas, is credited with bringing romanticism to Spanish America. As a poet, he is remember for his narrative ballad La cautiva, the story of a white girl’s escape from enslavemente by nomadic Indians. Echeverria inaugurated the theme of the pampas as an archetypal landscape – a place of barbarism; but also the crucible of national identity for Argentina. He also wrote El matadero (‘The Slaughterhouse’, 1838), a short satirical prose piece in which a slaughterhouse becomes a powerful symbol of Rosas’s oppression of liberals in Buenos Aires. In 1839, Echeverria helped to found the Asociacion de Mayo, a group of young anti-Rosas activists, many of whom were to become important writers and future liberal leaders of Argentina. The gauchesque genre had its origins during the wars of independence in the River Plate area. It was influenced by the Spanish tradition of the cuadro de costumbres. Gaucho costumbrismo appealed to the romantics because it seemed to reflect a truly American way of life. By transforming the gaucho into an ambivalent national symbol, Echeverria crystallized the problem of national identity which all the Latin American republics would experience. Echeverria's renown as a writer rests largely on his powerful short story El matadero (â€Å"The Slaughterhouse,† written in 1839 but not published until 1871), a landmark in the history of Latin American literature. It is mostly significant because it displays the perceived clash between â€Å"civilization and barbarism†, that is, between the European and the â€Å"primitive and violent† American ways. Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, another great Argentine writer and thinker, saw this clash as the core of Latin American culture. Read in this light, â€Å"The Slaughterhouse† is a political allegory. Its more specific intention was to accuse Rosas of protecting the kind of thugs who murder the cultivated young protagonist at the Buenos Aires slaughterhouse. Rosas and his henchmen stand for barbarism, the slain young man for civilization.

The Protestant Break Leo X 1513-21 - 1605 Words

This resumà © will detail a single chapter of Barbara Tuchman’s work The March of Folly, which is â€Å"The Protestant Break: Leo X 1513-21.† The topic of Tuchman’s discussion in the chapter is the nature of Leo X’s reign as the pope and the effect that it had on history. Following the examination of other renaissance papacies in previous chapters, Tuchman continues a study of how the era’s popes provoked the Protestant secession. â€Å"The Protestant Break: Leo X 1513-21† is a salient chapter, however, in that it is during Leo X’s reign that Martin Luther nails his 95 theses to the church door and indirectly launches the Reformation. Tuchman’s main argument in the chapter is that the worldly and extravagant nature of Leo X’s papacy failed to prevent, and rather was complicit in, the sparking and proliferation of the Protestant Reformation. It is important to note that Tuchman accurately states it was not Leo’s ti me as pope alone which caused the reformation, it simply exacerbated existing discontent and provided a rallying revolt. The supporting arguments are broken into two subsections of the chapter. Tuchman first generally shows that Leo X was a hedonist far removed from the supposed holiness of his position, and that his fervent spending frequently required him to turn to unscrupulous methods of paying his debts. Thus, there was a growing massive pressure for reform. Secondly, Tuchman argues that indulgences specifically are to blame for provoking open revolt. Friar Tetzel’sShow MoreRelatedEssay about Renaissance Figures2969 Words   |  12 Pageswound, and the plot collapsed. In spite of the attacks of Girolamo Savonarola, Lorenzo allowed him to continue preaching. Lorenzos historical significance was being a patron of Bottielli and Michaelangelo. His second son later became pope as Leo X. ? Henry VIII lived from 1491--1547, and he reigned from 1509--1547. He married his brother Arthurs widow, Katharine of Arogon, who bore him a daughter, MARY I. His chief minister, Thomas Wolsey, concluded an alliance with Francis I of FranceRead MoreHenry Viii and the English Reformation4950 Words   |  20 Pagesresult of a state policy driven by Henry VIII? It is indeed simplistic to consider Henry VIII as the sole reason for the English Reformation. According to A.G. Dickens, the movement towards reformation began before the actions that lead to the official break from the Roman Catholicism. Henry VIII’s desire for a male heir drove his desire for separation. This fact coupled with the political, religious, and social factors of the day converged resulting in what became the English Reformation. Haigh states

Company Study British Petroleum - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2537 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? Company Study: British Petroleum The study examines BPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s global operating environment through a detailed PESTEL analysis. It then goes on to analyze its competitive environment with the help of Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s five forces. A detailed SWOT analysis is then performed to assess BPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s internal strengths and weaknesses, the threats it has to face and the opportunities that lay in front. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Company Study: British Petroleum" essay for you Create order Finally, it summarizes the analysis in the form of conclusions. Introduction Company Overview British Petroleum (BP) is one of the largest vertically integrated oil and gas companies in the world. Headquartered in London, its operations expand over six continents in about 100 countries. Its principal operations include Refining and Marketing, Gas, Power and renewable, exploration and production of gas and crude oil, construction, manufacturing and transportation. Key focus of refining and mining is on oil supply and trading, as well as, refining and petrochemicals manufacturing and marketing. BP also has a network of subsidiaries engaged in the chemicals, power and renewable energy sectors. The Group operates in the United Kingdom, the Bahamas, Australia, the British Virgin Islands, Canada, the United States of America, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway and Spain. (British Petroleum, 2007) Financial Performance The company recorded revenues of $265, 906 million during the fiscal year ended December 2005, as compared to $252,168 in 2005. The companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s replacement cost profit was $22,253 million during fiscal year 2006, an increase of 15% over 2005. Net profit rose from $32,682 in 2005 to $35,158 in 2006. Return on average capital employed on a replacement cost basis was 22%, compared with 20% in 2006. (BP Company Reports, 2006) Q1. PESTEL Political Political turmoil in Middle East, extremist threats in countries like Saudi Arabia and strikes in Nigeria and recurring geopolitical tensions (Eg. Iranà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s dismissal of suggestions that Tehran might suspend uranium enrichment as a way of easing the deadlock with the west over its nuclear ambitions) have made the operational and investment climate very uncertain. Governments in countries like UK, Alaska, US and Venezuela (where BP has major operations) have increased tax rates to take advantage of the high price environment. (Jason, 2007) This may lead to higher costs. Oil and gas play a major role in the dynamics of economies worldwide which has made governments increased their presence through regulations, observations and support. Environmental regulations are enforced at potentially great cost to companies. (Joanne, 2007) Economic BPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s major economic concern is the rise in finance costs and increase in corporate tax expense. Finance costs increased by $102 in 2006 million as compared to 2005. The increase primarily reflects higher interest costs, offset by higher capitalized interest. The increase in corporate tax reflects the impact of the increase in the North Sea tax rate enacted by the UK government in July 2006. (BP, 2006) BPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s high exposure to gas prices could affect it adversely as traditionally gas prices have lagged the sector. While prices of crude oil have been very strong, gas prices have remained slightly weaker which could reflect on BPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s share price as well. Although world economy is slowing, but prospects for the oil and gas sector as a whole are good. Demand for oil is forecasted to remain firm which gives BP a chance to capitalize on the demand. Although rising demand in some countries may open up new avenues for BP, but BPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s recent new ventures such as the giant Thunderhorse field in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico have had slower than expected start-ups. (BP, 2006) The advent of sustained high oil prices presents new and different demands for the development of BPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business over the long term. High prices also mean that it will be advantageous for BP to sell more rather than purchase. Technological With competitors looking to expand and increase their capital investment across the industry, BP is lagging behind for resources. It has limited number of skilled contractors and equipment available. BP has the reserves in place; it just cant round up the people, rigs, steel, and the rest to develop them as fast as it might like. (Reed, 2007) With capital investment up across the industry, its now jockeying with its competitors for the limited numbers of skilled contractors and equipment available. (Reed, 2007) In the wake of dwindling oil reserves, technological developments can help BP increase efficiency in existing fields. This provides an opportunity to BP to tackle the issue of low reserves to an extent. Social Social spotlight is on oil companies and there is a clamor for oil companies to behave in a socially responsible manner. Corporate Social responsibility groups have campaigned against activities like exploring and digging places by oil companies. Eg. Shellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s oil exploration and production operations in Nigeria was brought to publicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attention for not only violating environmental laws but also tribal peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s land rights. (National Petroleum News, 2007) BP has been accused of violating safety and compliance issues in the explosion at the Texas City refinery in the US (the explosion killed 15 people). It has been accused of having an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"unsafe cultureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and not being socially responsible. Besides the Texas debacle, BP has had other operational and security issues such as leaks and shutdowns in Alaska due to which it has suffered a loss in reputation in terms of safety. Environmental Increasing concerns about global warming has led to more stringent environmental regulations. The introduction of Kyoto Protocol in 2005 for reduction of greenhouse gases and a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢clean air interstate ruleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (CAIR), issued by US environmental protection agency (EPA) in 2005 has added to BPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s cost and concerns. (Bruce, 2006) Traditionally, BP has had a weak record in environmental matters and a further introduction of these stringent regulations may impose new liabilities or increase operating expenses, either of which could result in a material decline in profitability. Other external environmental factors which have added to BPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s woes are Asian Tsunami and hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico. Both turned out to be major disasters for all oil majors. They buffeted BPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s offshore and onshore facilities, impairing production and distribution. (Cliff, 2006) Its production is still recovering from storm damage at the end of last year. Legal Strict corporate governance regulations in response to high profile corporate scandals and failures had made BP adopt IFRS fair value accounting system which analysts believe could batter the revenues of BP the tune of more than $400m. (Jetuah, 2007) Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Five forces (Analysis of the competitive environment) Competitive Rivalry Competitive rivalry is very intense in all the regions. BP competes with ExxonMobil, Royal Dutch Shell, Chevron Texaco, Total and ConocoPhillips in the global market. Mergers and acquisitions in the oil and gas sector will add to competition. Energy companies are trying to strengthen their global presence by industrial and financial consolidations. Fierce competition means nature of modern production requires access to markets and raw materials throughout the world and possession of enormous amounts of capital. (Jones, 1998) Barriers to entry Threat of new entrants is very low There are high barriers to entry in the oil and gas market with low number of new entrants. This makes the oil and gas market relatively consolidated. Declining reserves, reliance on outside sources, political instability, high competitive rivalry and environmental regulations deter new entrants to a large extent. Entering oil and gas sector is very capital intensive, requires specialization and a deep understanding of the industry and its requirements. It requires the ability to manage both the local and global environment in which extraction take place and the ability to keep pace with the change and volatility of markets.(AMEC Annual Report, 2005) Threat of substitutes Threat of substitutes looms large over BP and oil and gas industry in general. Substitutes such as nuclear energy and renewals are gaining ground which coupled with rising energy costs have the potential to reduce demand. Eg. France relies on nuclear sources for much of its energy supply. Canada recently recognized that it no longer had the large natural gas resources once thought, so oil sands producers are considering building coal or nuclear plants as substitute energy sources to replace natural gas. (Hirsch et al., 2005) Focus on green marketing, global warming and corporate social responsibility has led to much research on bio-fuels as another substitute. Biofuels are supposed to be significantly less carbon neutral than other forms of renewable energy and it is widely believed that they can help reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere. There are active developments and research done to try to produce bio-fuels to replace oil and natural gas. ( Zwirn, 2006) Buyer Power Buyer power is very low in the oil and gas and associated industries. With the volatile price of oil and gas, most oil companies are not hedged against these price rises. This means that they are finding themselves exposed to spot prices for immediate supply and as a result are facing hefty gas bills. (Chris, 2006) BP takes out a fixed price electricity and gas purchase contract when an existing one ends. This helps it to mitigate the immediate risk to an extent but leaves it vulnerable to price risk in subsequent years. As a result, the buyers are at the mercy of external sources. (Chris, 2006) Supplier Power Supplier power is relatively high. With oil resources in Europe and US not able to meet global demand, BP and other oil companies have to rely on supplies from Middle-East countries and countries like Algeria and Russia in order to meet existing demand. Political instability in some regions mean more reliance on other outside oil producing regions which raises the supplier power even higher. Q2. SWOT Analysis Strengths BPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s vertical integration with both upstream and downstream oil operations gives it operational efficiency related advantages. It helps BP have control over the entire value chain giving it significant competitive advantage in the global oil market. BPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s revenue is spread across 100 different regions. Diversified revenue helps in lowering the risk as it is not dependent on any one market. Dominant market position and good brand image gives BP a significant bargaining power in the global oil market. Weaknesses Declining Crude oil and gas reserves may have an adverse impact on BPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s operating margins. Both crude oil and gas reserves declined by 2.7% and 6.4% respectively between 2003 to 2005. (BP, 2006) Competition in downstream operations has made BP lose out on financial performance and capital efficiency. The companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s net income per marketed barrel basis is the lowest as compared to its competitors, reflecting the relatively small refining component within its downstream business. (Data monitor Report, 2006) Opportunities Demand for natural gas driven by demand for LNG and high fuel prices is expected to grow significantly. Global consumption of natural gas is projected to increase by nearly 70% between 2002 and 2025. (Data monitor Report, 2006) Rising demand for refined products and petrochemicals in China and increasing demand for aviation fuel are good market expansion opportunities for BP. By 2010, the European oil and gas market if forecasted to grow by 5.7% by market value and 8% by market volume. (Datamonitor Report, 2006) Threats Political risks and instability in major oil producing regions such as Middle-East, and Nigeria may pose BP with significant concerns. Renewed emphasis on Global warming may affect BPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s operations leading to new government regulations and subsequent cost increases. Market Reports have predicted fall in oil prices from later half of 2007 which may have an impact on BPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s top line growth. There a strong and growing demand for oil and gas in Europe but very few reserves to cater to that demand. The results were arrived by doing an in depth study from secondary sources. Qualitative secondary information from a variety of sources were gathered like BP Case Studies, BP Web page , Reference books , Journals , Online journals, Newspaper and Magazine Articles , Taped interviews , Business news channel views , Research Agency (e.g Mintel) databases . Quantitative data from BP Company Reports and other oil majors are collected and analyzed to compare and contrast the effect the competitive and external have had on their performance. Conclusions were only reached after case studies of other oil majors like Exxon-Mobil, Chevron-Texaco were analyzed. BPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance and internal strengths were analyzed in both absolute and relative terms. Objectives After analyzing BPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s micro and macro environment, a set of objectives for BP can be formulated. BP has to make sure that it is fully protected against price rises as the near future can some volatility in oil prices. The objective should be to guard itself against price volatility. Although, strong demand and escalating prices have resulted in the growth of oil and gas market, political instability in regions with large reserves and damage to production by natural disasters were largely responsible for rise in prices. Price are expected to stabilize moving forward leading to a slowdown in the pace of market expansion which might present a challenge to BP. With the renewed focus on global warming and energy efficient fuel, BPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s key objective should be to explore other energy efficient fuel and show some corporate responsibility as an organization. In relation to pricing, Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s analysis highlighted the importance of effective risk management practices for BP. In order to reduce exposure, BP needs effective management of underlying energy price risk. Appropriate measures can ensure avoidance of much of the pain caused by increasingly volatile markets. In the wake of rising terrorist activity in some of the major areas where BP has its operations, one of the objectives should be to have a Disaster management plan. One of the other objectives should be to concentrate on its downstream business where it is losing out to competitors. References AMEC Annual Report (2005) https://www.amec.com/annualreport2005/natural_resources.html Date accessed 09/08/2007 BP (2006) Annual Reports, https://bp.com, Date accessed 12/05/2007 BP to Invest $500 Million in Energy Research Center. (2007) Government Procurement, Apr2007, Vol. 15 Issue 2, p12-12, 1/3p Bruce, P (2006) Getting Easier to be Green., Waste Age, Vol. 37 Issue 9, p74-75, 2p; Chris, B (2006) Why risk it?, Utility Week, 13565532, 1/13/2006, Vol. 24, Issue 19 Cliff, S (2006) BPs revamped emergency plan. By: Saran, Cliff. Computer Weekly, 10/31/2006, p60-60, 1/2p, 1c Hirsch et al. (2005) Peaking of world oil production: impacts, mitigation risk management, https://www.powerswitch.org.uk/portal/images/stories/papers/thehirschreport.pdf, Date accessed 10/08/2007 Jason, B (2007)The Kremlins Big Squeeze., Business Week Online, 4/20/2007, p14-14, 1p Jones, S (1998) British Petroleum acquiring US oil producer Amoco, https://www.wsw s.org/news/1998/aug1998/bpam-a13.shtml, Date accessed 10/08/2007 Jetuah, D (2007) IFRS fair value demands batter oil giant BP, https://www.accountancyage.com/accountancyage/news/2172167/ifrs-fair-value-demands-batter Date accessed 12/05/2007 Date accessed 10/08/2007 Joanna, F (2007)BP Considers Building Hydrocracker Unit for Nerefco Refinery. Global Refining Fuels Report, 4/25/2007, Vol. 11 Issue 9, p23-23, 1p; National Petroleum News (2007) Major Oil takes a slight dip. National Petroleum News, Vol. 99 Issue 3, p6-7 Mandil, C (2003) 4th International Oil Summit, The Oil Market: Competition between oil and other energy sources Oil and Gas in Europe: Industry Profile (2006) DataMonitor Report https://web.ebscohost.com/bsi/pdf?vid=5hid=21sid=a1e2de9c-20b6-479a-ad65-93ee0c7d1bcf%40sessionmgr8 Date accessed 10/08/2007 Reed, S (2007) BP takes it slow and steady; Business Week https://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/feb2007/gb20070206_166806.htm Date accessed Date accessed 10/08/2007 Zwirn, E (2006) DuPont and BP drive future fuels. (cover story) Chemical Market Reporter, 6/26/2006, Vol. 269 Issue 25, p5-5, 1/2p;